Mel

The definition of “The Internal Rate of Return” is the discount rate that equates the present value, PV of a project’s expected cash inflows to a present value of the project’s costs. In other words, at IRR,

                                                                      I = PV

                                                               NPV = 0

Decision rule: accept the project if the IRR exceeds the cost of capital. Otherwise, reject it.

Example 1:

Assume the same data given in example 1 (NPV) and set of the following equality (I = PV):

                                  $12,950 = $3,000 X PVIFA

                                    PVIFA = $12,950  = 4.317

                                                    $3,000

Which stands somewhere between 18 percent and 20 percent in the 10-year line of Appendix D. The interpolation follows:

                                                                               PV Factor

                                                18%                 4.494               4.494

                                                IRR                  4.317  

                                                20%                _____               4.192

                                                Difference         0.177               0.302

Therefore,

                                    IRR = 18% + 0.17 (20% - 18%)

                                                         0.302

                                           = 18% + 0.586(2%) = 18% + 1.17% = 19.17%

Since the IRR of the investment is grater than the cost of capital (12 percent), accept the project.

The advantage of using the IRR method is that it does consider the time value of money and, therefore, is more exact and realistic than the ARR method.

The shortcoming of this method :

 (1) It is time-consuming to compute, especially when the cash inflows are not even, although most business calculators have a program to calculate IRR,

 (2) It fails to recognize the varying sizes of investment in competing projects and their respective dollar profitability.

When cash inflows are not even, IRR is computed by the trial-and-error method, as follows:

1.      Compute NPV at cost of capital, denoted here as r_1.

2.      See if NPV is positive or negative.

3.      If NPV is positive, then pick another rate (r₂) much smaller than r₁. The true IRR, at which NPV = 0, must lie somewhere in between these two rates.

4.      Compute NPV using r₂.

5.      Interpolate to get the exact rate.

Going Public is the process of selling shares. It was formerly privately held to new investors for the first time. Going public also refers and participating in an initial public offering or (IPO). It is the process in which a business owned by one or several individuals is converted into a business owned by many.

Besides that, it involves the offering of part ownership of the company to the public through the sale of debt or more commonly, equity securities (stock). Businesses usually go public to raise capital in hopes of expanding; venture capitalists may use IPOs as an exit strategy. It means that is a way of getting out of their investment in a company.

The IPO process begins with contacting an investment bank and making certain decisions, such as the number and price of the shares that will be issued. Investment banks take on the task of underwriting, or becoming owners of the shares and assuming legal responsibility for them. The goal of the underwriter is to sell the shares to the public for more than what was paid to the original owners of the company.

Going public requires detailed discussions on information pertaining to business product, service and markets, company information, risk factors, proceeds use, officers and directors, related party transactions, identification of company principal shareholders and auditing financials.

Reasons For Going Public:

1. The business needs extra capital to expend.
2. The owner of the business may want to retire so they look to sell their shares to the public as a means of cashing in on all their hard work.
3. The owner of the business may want to realize their profits to provide for the funding of other investment or other personal needs.
4. The investor in company want to cash in their investment and make a profit from the risk they

10 Example Company of Going Public:

1.   Air Asia Berhad

2.   Bursa Malaysia Berhad

3.   CNI Holding Berhad

4.   Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad

5.   Esso Malaysia Berhad

6.   HICOM Holding Berhad

7.   Hwa Tai Industries Berhad

8.   Ibraco Berhad

9.   IPMUDA Berhad

10. KSL Holding Berhad

Venture capital is a type of private equity capital typically provided by professional, institutionally backed outside investors to new, growth businesses. Generally made as cash in exchange for shares in the investee company, Venture capital investments are usually high risk, but offer the potential for above-average returns.

A venture capitalist is a person who invests in a business venture, providing capital for start-up or expansion. They also receive many investment proposals regularly and are willing to send a business plan that covers business, marketing direction, financial documents and competitive analysis. Venture capitalists are looking for a higher rate of return than would be given by investments that are more traditional.

The venture capitalist takes equity participation through stock, warrants, and  convertible securities and has an active involvement in the monitoring of each portfolio company bringing investment, financing planning, and business skills to the firm.

In other words, the venture capitalist may have no business experience applicable to the industry company is involved in, and is focused on the potential rate of return a company can provide. An investor who either provides capital to startup ventures or supports small companies wish to expand, but do not have access to public funding. Venture capitalists also usually expect higher returns for the additional risks taken.

In all cases, the venture capitalist becomes part owner of the new venture. Most investments are structured as preferred shares. The common shares often reserved by covenant for a future buyout, as Venture Capital investment criteria usually include a planned exit event, normally within three to seven years.

Marketing Plan Guidelines

1. Execute summary

2. Environmental analysis

a)      Marketing environment-

·        Competitive forces

·        Economic forces

·        Political force

·        Legal and regulatory forces

·        Technology forces

3. SWOT analysis

• Matching strength to opportunity
• Converting weaknesses and treats

4. Marketing objective

5. Marketing strategies

a) Target markets

B) Marketing mix

6. Marketing implementation

a) Marketing organization

b) Activities, responsibilities, time for competition

7. Marketing financial budget

8. Evaluation and control

a) Performance standards

b) Monitoring procedures

You Know the function of VAS DEFERENS. Where the sperm is stored; a tube that carries the sperm out of the scrotal sac. The vas deferens is between the epididymis and the urethra and connects these together. And what  about ANUS? do you know that? the opening at the end of the digestive tract where bowel contents leave the body, that is anus. i’m pretty sure that all of you know Penis but not in detail. Penis is the external reproductive organ of the male. The penis is made up of two parts, the shaft and the glans. The glans is the tip of the penis, while the shaft is the main part of the penis and contains the tube (urethra) that drains the bladder. All boys are born with a foreskin, or a covering over the tip of the penis. Some boys are circumcised, which means that this covering of skin is removed. Other boys are not circumcised and may have skin that covers the tip of the penis. What is Prostate? PROSTATE GLAND is a sex gland in men. It is about the size of a walnut, and surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra - the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It is partly muscular and partly glandular, with ducts opening into the prostatic portion of the urethra. It is made up of three lobes: a center lobe, with one lobe on each side. The prostate gland secretes a slightly alkaline fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid, a fluid that carries sperm.  Additianally, URETHRA is the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body. The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, which squeezes urine out of the bladder. At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra. When all the signals occur in the correct order, normal urination occurs.

Malaysia is one of the most developed countries in the ASEAN region. Its economy is largely dependent on manufacturing products such as electrical and electronic products, textiles, as well as rubber-based products, followed by the agricultural and mining sectors. Malaysia is also one of the world’s largest exporters of palm oil, natural rubber, tropical timber, cocoa beans and pepper. Tourism is also a leading revenue earner.
Since Independence in 1957, it has moved away from its reliance on tin and rubber and diversified its economy by aggressively attracting investment, both foreign and domestic. After Singapore and Brunei, it is the most developed country in South-East Asia, with the highest standard of living. Malaysia’s rapid increase in manufacturing has been achieved by modernising the country’s transport, communications and energy infrastructure, developing industrial zones and offering substantial tax breaks for investors in export-oriented industries. The Government has promoted a relatively open, market-oriented economy and has instituted significant reforms by dismantling many state-run enterprises and encouraging private enterprise to undertake many of the country’s development projects. Through promoting a free market in some areas, the Government is also an investor in the economy (usually as a minority partner) and controls prices on some key commodities such as fuel and rice.

The National Language, Bahasa Malaysia is established as such under Article 152 of the Constitution, which also safeguards other languages by stipulating that no person may be prohibited or prevented from using (except for official purposes) or from teaching or learning any other language. As the national language, Bahasa Malaysia has to  be used for official purposes which includes its use by federal and state governments, and as defined by the constitutional amendment of 1971 by all authorities (including local authorities) and statutory bodies. By the same constitutional amendment the status of Bahasa Malaysia may not be questioned, and any amendment to Article 152 can only be made with the consent of the Conference of Rulers.

Malaysia is a bubbling, bustling melting pot of races and religious where Malays, Chinese, Indians and many other people live together in peace and harmony. The largest ethnic groups in Malaysia are the Malays, Chinese and Indians. In Sabah and Sarawak, there are myriad of indigenous ethic groups with their own unique culture and heritage. Who are Malay?Today, the Malays, Malaysia’s largest ethnic group, make up more than 50% of the population. In Malaysia, the term Malay refers to a person who practises Islam and Malay traditions, speaks the Malay language and whose ancestors are Malays. Their conversion to Islam from Hinduism and Theravada Buddhism began in the 1400s, largely influenced by the decision of the royal court of Malacca. The Malays are known for their gentle mannerisms and rich arts heritage. Who are Chinese?The second largest ethnic group the Malaysian Chinese form about 25% of the population. Mostly descendents of Chinese immigrants during the 19th century, the Chinese are known for their dilligence and keen business sense. The three sub-groups who speak a different dialect of the Chinese language are the Hokkien who lives predominantly on the northern island of Penang; the Cantonese who lives predominantly in the capital city Kuala Lumpur; and the Mandarin-speaking group who lives predominantly in the southern state of Johor. The smallest of three main ethic groups the Malaysian Indians form about 10% of the population. Most are decendents of Tamil speaking South Indian immigrants who came to the country during the British colonial rule. Lured by the prospect of breaking out of the Indian caste system, they came to Malaysia to build a better life. Predominantly Hindus, they brought with them their colourful culture such as ornate temples, spicy cuisine and exquisite sarees.

Air Supply - All Out Of Love
Intro (x2) :
  C                 G                  F                  C
|—————–|——————|——————|————-
|-3—————|-2—————-|-1—————-|-3——2—-
|—2———–2-|—0———–0–|—3———–3–|—2——0–
|—–0——-0—|—–0——-0—-|—–3——-3—-|——0—–0
|———–1—–|———–0——|———–2——|————-
|——–0——–|——–3———|——–1———|————-
{_________________} - Repeat this part 2 times after the Intro.
 C
I am Lying alone
G
With my head on the phone
Am    F
Thinking of you til it hurts
C
I know you hurt too
G
But what else can we do
Am                 F
Tormented and torn apart
C
I wish I could carry
G
Your smile in my heart
Am                           F
For times when my life seem so low
C
It would make me believe
G
What tomorrow could bring
Am                         F       Bm            A
When today doesn’t really know - doesn’t really know
Chorus:
  D
I am all out of love
  A
I am so lost without you
  Bm
I know you were right
  G
Believing for so long
  D
I am all out of love
  A
What am I without you
  Bm
I can’t be too late
  G                A   D

To say that I was so wrong
I want you to come back
And carry me home
Away from these long lonely nights
I’m reaching for you
Are you feeling it too
Does the feeling seem all so right

And what would you say
If I call out you now
Saying I can’t hold on
There’s no easy way
It gets harder each day
Please love me or I’ll be gone, I’ll be gone

(Chorus)

C
Ohh…
 G                   Am   F    C
What are you thinking of    What are you thinking of  x 2

 (Chorus) x 4

Director: Timur Bekmambetov
Screenwriter: Michael Brandt, Derek Haas, Chris Morgan
Starring: James McAvoy, Morgan Freeman, Terence Stamp, Thomas Kretschmann, Common, Angelina Jolie
Genre: Fantasy, Thriller
Official Website: Wantedmovie.com | MySpace.com/Wantedmovie

Plot Summary:

have you know what is ska?

have you see the ska band before?

according to the wikipedia Ska  actually originated from  Jamaican Patois. Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was a precursor to rocksteady and reggae.

Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line or running bass, accented guitar or piano rhythms on the offbeat. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant musical genre of Jamaica, and it was also popular with British mods. Most of  skinheads, in various decades, have also enjoyed ska (along with reggae, rocksteady and other genres). Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods:

1. The original Jamaican ska scene of the 1960s
2. The 2 Tone ska revival that started in England in the late 1970s
3. The third wave ska movement, which started in the 1980s.

History of Ska 

After World War II, Jamaicans purchased radios in increasing numbers and were able to hear rhythm and blues music from Southern United States cities such as New Orleans by artists such as Fats Domino and Louis Jordan. The stationing of American military forces during and after the war meant that Jamaicans could listen to military broadcasts of American music and there was a constant influx of records from the US. To meet the demand for that music, entrepreneurs such as Prince Buster, Clement “Coxsone” Doddd and Duke Reid formed sound systems. As jump blues and more traditional R&B began to ebb in popularity in the early 1960s, Jamaican artists began recording their own version of the genres. The style was of bars made up of four triplets, similar to that of “My baby just cares for me” by Nina Simone, but was characterized by a guitar chop on the off beat- known as an upstroke or skank - with horns taking the lead and often following the off beat skank and piano emphasizing the bass line and, again, playing the skank. Drums kept 4/4 time and the bass drum was accented on the 3rd beat of each 4-triplet phrase. The snare would play side stick and accent the 3rd beat of each 4-triplet phrase.  The upstroke sound can also be found in other Caribbean forms of music, such as mento and calypso.

Source: Wikipedia.